In the scenarios of commodity circulation and consumption, the choice of packaging bags directly affects product protection, brand image and user experience. The scientific selection of packaging bags requires a comprehensive consideration of core elements such as product characteristics, functional requirements, material properties, regulatory standards, and environmental protection requirements, to form a systematic decision-making framework. ​

1. Precise adaptation based on product characteristics

(1) Physical attribute matching

Weight and Form

Heavy objects (such as rice and tools) should be made of high-strength materials, such as polypropylene (PP) weaving

The bag is made of thickened kraft paper, with a load-bearing capacity of 5 to 50 kilograms. It is also equipped with reinforced handles to prevent breakage. ​

Fragile items (such as glassware and electronic products) should be packaged in materials with excellent cushioning performance, such as bubble wrap composite bags or corrugated boxes lined with foam boards, which can absorb impact forces through air columns or honeycomb structures. ​

Chemical property compatibility

Food packaging must strictly adhere to food safety standards, using food-grade plastics such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), or paper materials without fluorescent agents to prevent the migration of chemical substances. For acidic or alkaline products (such as cleaning supplies and cosmetics), corrosion-resistant materials such as aluminum foil composite bags or polyester (PET) bottles should be selected to prevent the packaging from being eroded and causing leakage. ​

2. Prioritization of Functional Requirements

(1) Core protective function

Moisture-proof and barrier properties

In high-humidity environments (such as fresh food transportation), aluminum foil bags and aluminum-coated film composite bags are preferred. Their water vapor transmission rate is lower than 1g/(m² · 24h), which can effectively prevent products from getting damp and deteriorating. ​

Foods sensitive to oxygen (such as baked goods) should be packaged in nitrogen-filled containers or with high-oxygen-barrier nylon (PA) /PE composite films, with an oxygen transmission rate of ≤20cm³/(m² · 24h · 0.1MPa). ​

Portable and opening design

Daily consumer goods (such as snacks and daily necessities) need to be equipped with easy-tear openings, zipper closures or hand-held structures. For instance, the zipper of a self-sealing bag needs to be fastened more than 50 times to ensure its reliability for repeated use. ​

For large items such as household appliances and furniture, the packaging should be designed with handling handles. In line with ergonomics, the handle's load-bearing capacity should be no less than 20 kilograms, and the grip width should be controlled within 3 to 5 centimeters. ​

3. Scientific Evaluation of Material Properties

(1) Basic physical indicators

The longitudinal tensile strength of the plastic film should be ≥20MPa and the transverse tensile strength ≥15MPa to prevent cracking due to compression during transportation. The burst resistance of paper packaging should be ≥300kPa to ensure stacking stability. ​

For high-temperature environments (such as food baking), polypropylene (PP) or polyester (PET) materials that can withstand temperatures above 120℃ should be selected. For cold chain scenarios, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) resistant to -20 ℃ is required to prevent embrittlement and cracking. ​

(II) Environmental performance screening

For the application of degradable materials, bio-based materials such as polylactic acid (PLA) and starch-based plastics are preferred. Their biodegradation rate should be ≥60% (in accordance with the GB/T 19277.1 standard), and they are suitable for scenarios such as disposable food packaging and fresh food bags. ​

The design of recyclability: Single-material packaging (such as pure PE bags) is easier to recycle than multi-layer composite structures, with a recycling rate of over 90%. Printing ink should be water-based ink to avoid pollution caused by solvent-based ink during recycling. ​

4. Compatibility of regulations and standards with the brand

(1) Compliance review

Food packaging should comply with the GB 4806 series of national standards, such as GB 4806.7-2016 "National Food Safety Standard - Plastic Materials and Articles for Food Contact", to ensure that the migration limit is met (such as heavy metals ≤10mg/kg). ​

Dangerous goods packaging such as chemicals and batteries must comply with the United Nations' "Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods", and use UNcertified packaging, such as leak-proof steel-plastic composite drums, and pass performance tests such as drop and stacking. ​

(II) Brand Visual Communication

For high-end products, hot stamping and UV printing can be adopted to enhance the texture. The color reproduction degree should reach △E≤2. Fast-moving consumer goods are suitable for flexographic printing or offset printing, which have low costs and a printing speed of over 300 meters per minute. ​

Information visualization design must mark information such as product name, ingredients, production date, and implemented standards, with a font height of ≥1.8mm. Food packaging needs to be accompanied by a nutrition facts table, which complies with the requirements of the GB 28050-2011 standard. ​

5. Dynamic Balance of Cost-Effectiveness

(1) Full life cycle cost accounting

The material cost of traditional plastics (PE/PP) is approximately 8 to 12 yuan per kilogram, while that of degradable materials (PLA) is about 25 to 35 yuan per kilogram. The choice should be made in combination with the added value of the product. For instance, when organic food is packaged in biodegradable materials, the premium margin can reach 20% to 30%. ​

The comprehensive loss cost: The product damage rate caused by low-quality packaging may reach 5% to 10%, while high-quality packaging can control the damage rate within 1%. The optimal cost range needs to be calculated based on historical data. ​

(II) Supply Chain collaborative Optimization

Establish long-term cooperation with suppliers and reduce packaging costs through large-scale procurement (for example, a 15%-20% discount can be enjoyed if the purchase volume exceeds 100,000 pieces); At the same time, promote packaging standardization to reduce the additional expenses caused by customization. ​

6. Conclusion

The selection of packaging bags is a decision-making process that combines technology and business. It should take product protection as the bottom line, user experience as the orientation, and environmental protection compliance as the principle. Scientific decisions should be made through multi-dimensional quantitative assessment (such as material cost performance matrix, loss rate comparison model). In the future, as the trends of intelligence (such as RFID tracking packaging) and greenness deepen, packaging bags will be upgraded from single containers to value carriers integrating protection, marketing and environmental protection.